NASA/IPAC Teacher Archive Research Program
(NITARP)



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Education & Outreach

Timothy S. Spuck Oil City Area High School
Oil City, PA 16301
10th-12th Grade

January 2012

Mr. Spuck came to the AAS with one teacher. He has also signed up to continue with NITARP this year, and will be working on a special project subsidized by SOFIA to work on recently-obtained SOFIA data of planetary nebulae. Please see the AAS 2012 page for a summary of the AAS activities.

December 2011

December 13, 2011 - Mr. Spuck worked with the folks at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars  to put on a Panel Discussion titled "Scientist Partnerships with K-12 Education: Priming the STEM Pipeline."  The panel featured science educators (including him) and research scientists, and focused on successful teacher-scientist partnerships including NITARP and Spitzer.

October 2011

October 29, 2011 - Mr. Spuck presented at the Society for the Advancement of Chicanos and Native Americans in Science National Conference in San Jose, CA.  The presentation focused heavily on NASA/IPAC Teacher Archive Research Program and the Spitzer Space Telescope Research Program for Teachers and Students.

Title: Building Bridges: How Including K-12 Educators on your Research Team Benefits Everyone

ABSTRACT: K-12 educators are the gateway to the STEM pipeline. While many STEM education programs bring scientists and engineers into K12 classrooms, most provide limited interaction with teachers and students, and as a result limited opportunity for effective collaboration and lasting impacts.  When teachers and students work side-by-side with scientists and engineers for extended periods of time, students and teachers come to truly understand what it means to be a practitioner of STEM, and the scientists and engineers come to understand what it means to be effective communicators of STEM. This presentation will focus on successful models for partnering the research community with K-12 educators, and will highlight the benefits to students, educators, researchers, and the entire STEM enterprise.

 

September 2011

September 23, 2011 - Mr. Spuck led a discussion at ASTROBLAST 2011 (an annual star party in NW Pennsylvania) titled "Astronomy Software and Online Resources Round Table Discussion."  During the discussion, he showed participants how to use the Spitzer data archive to access images.

August 2011

Mr. Spuck visited IPAC in August 2011 and brought a student with him. Please see the Summer 2011 visits page for photos and quotes.

January 2011

Mr. Spuck presented the results of his 2010 team's work at the Seattle AAS in January 2011, and is also again starting up with a team for 2011 as a mentor teacher.

Here is the team's science poster and education poster. lease see the AAS 2011 page for a summary of this team's activities.

He writes:

It was very special to be in the room when the announcement of planet Kepler 10b (an estimated 1.4 X the size of the Earth) was discovered.  I turned to my student Inga and asked, "How does it feel to be one of the first people on planet Earth to know about this discovery?"  She replied, "I never thought of it like that ... it's pretty cool." 

September 2010

Mr. Spuck is starting as an Albert Einstein Distinguished Educator Fellow at the National Science Foundation for 2010-2011.

July 2010

Mr. Spuck visited IPAC with his students in July 2010. Please see the Summer 2010 visits page.

May 2010

Inga Saathoff went to the ISEF and won a $50,000 scholarship to the Florida Institute of Technology. Congratulations Inga!!

Mr. Spuck took two posters to the Miami AAS : Spuck et al., Engaging Students in Authentic Astronomy Research Experiences, and Saathoff, Spuck, and Rebull, Identifying TTauri Stars Using Small-Scale Optical Telescopes.

April 2010

Mr. Spuck had four students participate in the Pittsburgh Regional Science and Engineering Fair, and one, Inga Saathoff, was selected to go to the International Science and Engineering Fair in May. Congratulations Inga! Here is an article from their local newspaper about the event.

Mr. Spuck and Inga are also going to the Miami AAS meeting to present their work.

January 2010

Mr. Spuck has written a summary of the impact of the Spitzer Teacher Program over its lifetime. He presented a poster on this at the January 2010 AAS.

The number and enthusiasm of the students at Oil City who have been involved in the Spitzer and now NITARP programs seems to have fundamentally changed the culture of the Oil City High School. The prom theme for 2010 will be "Space", which is at least in part a result of this program! He writes:

I can say this is not something I pushed ... just something the kids came up with. But I do believe this is something that the Spitzer project played a big role in. Perhaps unknowingly. It helped to create a culture here in the Oil City community where the study of Space is pretty darn cool and obviously quite glamorous. :)

Mr. Spuck has taken another group of students to the KPNO 0.9m for observing. The project is an outgrowth of some of the science projects that were conducted last year.

Mr. Spuck has joined a new NITARP team as a mentor teacher. He looks forward to the new experiences on the new team.

May 2009

Mr. Spuck's student, Jennifer Butchart, took second place at the International Science and Engineering Fair in Reno, NV! Congratulations Jennifer!

September 2008 - January 2009

Mr. Spuck's students: Jennifer Butchart, Shana Kennedy, Alix Holcomb, Rachele Siegel, Matt Walentosky, Sandy Weiser, and Samantha Wheeler, collectively invested over 500 hours into their Spitzer Research. This included things like follow-up observations, literature searches, data analysis, presentation preparation, etc. Students Jennifer Butchart and Rachele Siegel, and teacher Tim Spuck were awarded time on the Kitt Peak 0.9 Meter Telescope for research associated with their Spitzer Project. A copy of their proposal can be found here.

January 14, 2009 - Matt Walentosky was selected as Semifinalists of the Intel Science Talent Search 2009. He is one of 300 chosen from among 1,608 entrants representing 495 high schools in 46 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and five overseas schools. He will receive a $1000 scholarship and the School District will receive an additional $1,000. Matt will now move on to compete for a slot as one of 40 finalists. Finalists will be announced at the end of the month. (http://www.intel.com/pressroom/archive/releases/20090114edu.htm)

May-June 2008

Oil City students competed for the opportunity to join the OCHS Spitzer Research Team and for the opportunity to attend the work session at the SSC in June. Four students were selected including Jennifer Butchart, Shana Kennedy, Alexis McCool, and Rachele Siegel. Additional funds to help send students to the SSC were secured from a grant through Clarion University of PA. The four students selected complete 20+ hours of Spitzer/infrared astronomy training to prepare for SSC visit.

Oil City student, Matt Walentosky, with his Spitzer Research project on WZ Sge, took second place in the Physics and Astronomy Division at the INTEL Science and Engineering Fair in Atlanta Georgia. He also received the Priscilla and Bart Bok second place award from the American Astronomical Society and the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. He won a total of $4,000 in cash prizes at the competition. (See attached article from The Derrick Newspaper.)

The Oil City Spitzer Team attended the SSC work session for the Lynds Cloud research project. Quotes from students - Rachele Siegel, "Though the work was oftentimes intense and required a lot of patience, the "A-ha!" moments made the whole experience worthwhile. Essentially, Pasadena was enlightening both scientifically as well as culturally." Jennifer Butchart, "Being able to participate in this type of project is outstanding. I know I would never have had this opportunity anywhere else. Now I have a pretty good idea at what I want to to with my life, all thanks to Mr. Spuck and the Spitzer Science Center." Shana Kennedy, "At first I wasn't sure if I could handle a project like this, but I'm so glad I decided to join the team. It has certainly been challenging, but the knowledge and experience I've gained, and the opportunity to work with actual astronomers made it completely worth it." Alexis McCool, "This was one of the best experiences I have ever gotten the chance to be a part of. I not only got to work with some of the best and the brightest, but I was also given the opportunity to learn and do work that was incredibly challenging as well as interesting. I will never forget it."

Mr. Spuck's student, Rachele Siegel, provided the following summary of her experience at the SSC in June: Who knew that with only five days, a small room in the California Institute of Technology, and a dozen Mac computers so many discoveries could take place? Certainly not I, but as they say, seeing is believing. Eighteen of us gathered in Pasadena with one common thread: the eagerness to learn more. With the help of Dr. Luisa Rebull and her colleagues, teachers and students alike got the opportunity to do just that. Prior to arriving in California, I acquired a small amount of knowledge about Spitzer and the various computer programs used. Our group in particular worked with MaxIm DL, Leopard, Mopex, and analyzed several articles from The Astrophysical Journal. We were also very familiar with the Wiki however, nothing could prepare us for the amount of patience and attention to detail we needed. Amazingly, after only a day of lectures and a brief introduction on generating SEDs, I was well on my way to a broader understanding of the Lynds 425 and 981. Within two days, we had chosen an unidentified object, completed a literary search, and used templates to calculate magnitudes at different wavelengths. The encouragement and enthusiasm of the seven teachers, professors, and mentors made the environment relaxing. Not only did we as students discover how to use more computer programs (APT) and spreadsheets, we were forced out of the comfort of our own groups and interacted with kids from across the country. Together we generated a SED with little assistance from adults. We number-crunched and equation processed for nearly an hour and finally our worked paid off. Those were the real "A-ha!" moments. It was a great experience working with the other students because they had fresh approaches and ideas on making spreadsheets, pin-pointing other unidentified objects, and conceptualizing T-Tauri stars. As students, we discovered that we were just as capable of doing the same work that our teachers did and that alone is empowering. At the Spitzer Science Center there was an abundance of realization. We nearly classified an object in Lynds 425 as a Class I T-Tauri. I now encompass a smorgasbord of knowledge of the many computer programs. We noted the amount of patience it takes to make a mosaic and to also generate a SED. We learned how to compare and contrast on a whole new level. Thank you to Luisa, Dave, Varajuan, Nancy, Chelen, Chris, Peter, David, John, Tim and the other students. Not only did I discover much about Spitzer while in California, I discovered a lot about myself. I'm not yet sure what I my major in college will be or where I'll even go, but I do know that I was pleasantly enlightened by this little cranny in the wide nook of astronomy.

Mr. Spuck prepared press releases for Oil City and shared with other teachers in team for use with their newspaper. (See press release section of this site)

February-April 2008

Mr. Spuck's student, junior Matt Walentosky, presented his Spitzer work at the 69th Pittsburgh Regional Science & Engineering Fair. He will be one of three students from the event to move on to competition (all expenses paid) at the International Science & Engineering Fair in Atlanta, Georgia May 11 - 17, 2008. At the event he will be competing against students from 49 states and 48 other countries. Matt's research project is on the cataclysmic variable star WZ Sge. He used observations from the Spitzer Space Telescope, Perth Observatory, and light curves from previous studies to better understand the nature of the object and its associated activity. In addition to moving on to International competition, Matt has been awarded a $12,500 annual scholarship to Allegheny College, and an honorable mention award by the US Army.

Mr. Spuck's student, senior Nick Kelley, also presented his Spitzer work at the 69th Pittsburgh Regional Science & Engineering Fair. Nick conducted his research on two potential T-Tauri stars in the Witch Head Nebula. He used observations from the Spitzer Space Telescope, the Kitt Peak 0.9 Meter Telescope, and Perth Observatory to conclude that the candidates studied are indeed young sun-like stars in the early stages of development. Nick's research won him first place out of nearly 300 students competing in the Carnegie Science Award's senior division. He also won the $300 first place prize in the Earth/Space/Environment category, and a $50 sponsorship award from the Spectroscopy Society of Pittsburgh. Nick will be attending the awards banquet for the Spectroscopy Society on April 21, and the awards ceremony for the Carnegie Science Award on May 9, where he will be presenting his research and formally accepting the awards.

October 2007 - January 2008

Mr. Spuck was interviewed in October for a half- hour radio program during which he discussed the Spitzer teachers program and science education for station WKQW Oil City, PA.

Mr. Spuck had ten students working on various Spitzer projects during this quarter. Many of them stayed after school two to three days each week to work on their projects. All students planning to present posters at the AAS in Austin, were required to work a minimum of 25 hours on their projects in order to qualify for the trip by early December. After that additional work sessions were planned including the Saturday before and the Saturday after Christmas. Evidence of work completed can be found at the Spitzer Wiki at https://coolwiki.ipac.caltech.edu/index.php/IC_2118_Current_Research_Activities

Students attending the January AAS meeting included Danielle Yeager grade 12, Alix Holcomb grade 11, Cale McClintock grade 12, Jen Butchart grade 11, Matt Walentosky grade 11, Nick Kelley grade 12 and Alexis McCool grade 12.

While at the conference the students presented four science posters outlining the current findings of the research they are currently involved in. This includes the identification of unknown T-Tauri stars (stars similar to our sun in their earliest stages of development) in the Witch Head Nebula, identification and classification of unknown galaxies in the Taurus Molecular Cloud, and the major discovery of a large dust ring around WZ Sge's accretion disk which will force astronomers to rethink the structure of accretion disks around other objects such as super massive black holes. In addition to presenting their findings, students had an opportunity to attend various lectures, and visit with other scientists conducting similar research.

In addition to presenting the posters, meeting with scientists, and attending lectures, Mr. Spuck also had an opportunity to meet with the new Spitzer teacher group planning to look at star formation in the Lynds Clouds. It was a very busy, but productive meeting.

July-September 2007

Mr. Spuck came to visit Luisa Rebull at the SSC for a month, Jul 9-Aug 3. His two primary goals were (1) to gain a deeper personal understanding of the data reduction process for Spitzer data and the scientific environment at the SSC, and (2) to turn this personal authentic scientific experience into a richer and more authentic scientific experience for his students in Pennsylvania.

While at the SSC, Dr. Rebull brought Mr. Spuck to as many scientific talks, group meetings, lunch chats, and other events at the SSC, IPAC, and Caltech as possible. Mr. Spuck is working on an education PhD that focuses on the differences between science as it is in the classroom and as it is in reality. He was able to gain more insight into how "real science" works, and this experience has influenced what he is doing in his PhD research, and his classroom.

Mr. Spuck worked intensively with Luisa Rebull on the "Cool Wiki", a repository of materials developed as part of the Spitzer Teacher Research Project. During Mr. Spuck's last week at the SSC, he brought out 4 students from his classes and they got started on several of the exercises in the wiki, including posting some of their results. They will continue to use this resource in the coming year, as they and many of their compatriots at home will be doing science projects using Spitzer data.

Tim Spuck's students (Matt Heath, Matt Walentosky, Nick Kelly, and Greg Goreczny) visited the SSC from July 31 to Aug 3. They worked on several of the exercises in the wiki, including posting some of their results. They will continue to use this resource in the coming year, as they and many of their compatriots at home will be doing science projects using Spitzer data.

Mr. Spuck also co-presented a talk at IPAC as part of the "second friday" talk series on Aug 10.

April-June 2007

The Oil City High School Spitzer Research Team has been using their data from Kitt Peak Observatory to look for H-alpha emissions from potential T-tauri targets in IC2118. The group has also been meeting in preparation for their visit to the Spitzer Science Center at the end of July. Since Spitzer funds were not available, it is important to note that the four students coming out are so committed to working with the project that they are paying their own way just to be part of this valuable educational experience.

Students in Mr. Spuck's space science classes have been using a C-14 robotic telescope at Perth Observatory to monitor several T-tauri candidates in IC2118. They presented the results of their research as part of their final exam in June.

Mr. Spuck worked with Luisa Rebull to prepare for his visit and work experience at the Spitzer Science Center in July.

The Oil City High School Spitzer Research Team met for 7 hours to work on the project and to jump-start the Wiki. Much of what they accomplished is the work session can be found at https://coolwiki.ipac.caltech.edu/index.php/Main_Page .

January-March 2007

January 6-10, 2007 - American Astronomical Society Meeting - Four students, Nick Kelley, Matt Walentosky, Sandy Weiser, and Paige Morton, along with Tim Spuck attended the meeting to co-present with the rest of the team their current findings on IC 2118. In addition they co-presented the educational component of the M81 project. Both presentations were done in the form of a poster session. In the months prior to this meeting, extensive preparation for the poster, as well as the oral presentation of the poster was conducted.

January 19-24, 2007 - Palomar Observing Run - As part of the IC2118 research project, and thanks to Dr. Luisa Rebull, the IC2118 team was awarded 2 nights of observing time on the Palomar 200-inch Hale Telescope. The observing conditions were fairly poor the first night, but they improved for the second night. In all they were able to get spectra on approximately 12 targets before IC 2118 moved to far to the west. The second half of the evening was spent taking spectra of asteroids and AGN. This was a very rewarding experience in so many different ways. As a science educator it helped me gain a deep understanding of the observing process, and the value of being at the telescope when observing.

January 26-29, 2007 - Kitt Peak Observing Run - Several of Mr. Spuck's students were awarded time on the Kitt Peak 9-meter Telescope to conduct H-alpha observations of IC2118. Because T-tauri stars are very young, they are active. The outbursts give off H-alpha emissions. Oil City Students Nick Kelley, Matt Walentosky, and Sandy Weiser, proposed observing the region in H-alpha in an effort to further support that their suspected objects are indeed T-tauri stars. Their proposal was accepted, and they were awarded two nights of observing on the telescope.

Observing at Kitt Peak was a fantastic experience. The students were able to struggle with the same things all scientists struggle with. They had to maintain coolant in the telescope's CCD camera, and struggle with computer command language. Their first night produced some exceptional seeing, some on the mountain said it was the best they had seen in 20 years. Unfortunately, the dome stopped functioning shortly after set up, so they lost about 2 hours of observing time. However the exceptional seeing allowed them to decrease exposure times and they were still able to image four of the ten fields they had hoped to. On the second night they had some bad luck as well and were clouded out the entire night.

February and March 2007 - Mr. Spuck and his students have been using a robotic telescope in Perth Australia to monitor several of the T-tauri candidates. This includes approximately 20 students in Mr. Spuck's space science classes. In addition, Mr. Spuck has been meeting with his core team of students to reduce and begin the process of analyzing the h-alpha data from Kitt Peak, and begin planning the long term process of putting the data together to make the case for each T-Tauri candidate. The core group is now meeting about every other week.

September-December 2006

Mr. Spuck formed the 2006 OCHS Spitzer Team. This group includes six students who have been using MaxIm DL to look at each of the 400+ potential YSO's to determine if they are likely galaxies, as well as measuring R mag for each object. This work will help them better plan the observing run for Palomar. In addition the students have been working on tricolor images of IC 2118.

Mr. Spuck gave a presentation at the Amateur Astronomy Association of Pittsburgh meeting entitled "The Spitzer Space Telescope and Infrared Astronomy" This presentation was made at the Carnegie Science Center in Pittsburgh

Mr. Spuck also gave a presentation at Astroblast 2006 (Regional Star Party) - Monitoring NEW T-Tauri Candidates - A Research Opportunity for Students and Amateurs". This presentation was made at the Oil Region Astronomical Observatory in Venango County, Pennsylvania.

May-June 2006

Mr. Spuck planned the July visit for the IC 2118 Research Team to the Spitzer Science Center. He worked with Brittany on her graduation project presentation on the IC 2118 research experience. The panel of community judges hearing the presentation was very impressed with the project and her level of involvement. Mr. Spuck also elected his student team for the IC 2118 Research project for the 2006-07 school year. He has seven students signed up to work on the project outside the regular classroom ext year. Mr. Spuck has been preparing his students for their upcoming visit to the Spitzer Science Center in July. and has worked with Spitzer staff on local press releases. The newspaper articles can be seen at, http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06155/695585-298.stm and http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06155/695585-298.stm. A local TV station WJET TV Erie, PA did a story as well. In addition, Mr. Spuck worked with his student research team in his science class to monitor three T-Tauri candidates from our IC 2118 study in I, R, V, and B bands using a telescope in Perth Australia. Please see the attached paper

April 2006:

Mr. Spuck presented a presentation on his Spitzer project to the general public at the Astronomy Day Event at the Carnegie Science Center in Pittsburgh. He is working on selecting two new students that will accompany him to his group's work session at the Spitzer Science Center this summer.

March/April 2006:

Mr. Spuck worked with Linda Vu from the Spitzer Science Center on a press release that will be distributed throughout our local region here in NW Pennsylvania. He also worked with the rest of the IC 2118 Research team to coordinate our summer 2006 visit to the Spitzer Science Center for data analysis and curriculum development. He is working with his student Brittany to prepare her graduation project presentation on the Spitzer Space Telescope and research on IC 2118.

February/March 2006:

Mr. Spuck and his student research groups have extended their new knowledge of color-color plots from star formation science to monitor color changes in supernovae throughout the supernova event.

He has a student team in his Space Science class using a 14 inch telescope in Perth, Australia to pilot a monitoring program of their T-Tauri candidates. They are currently in the data analysis process.

Mr. Spuck worked with NASA writer Dan Stillman on the NASA Portal article "Going Pro with Spitzer." The article is now available at http://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/9-12/features/F_Going_Pro_With_Spitzer.html.

January 2006:

Mr. Spuck presented his group's posters at the American Astronomical Society meeting in Washington, DC. He met with scientists from the National Radio Astronomy Observatory to discuss possible follow-up radio observations of the region, and the possibility of using PSI Plot to generate Spectral Energy Distributions. In conjunction with other team members, Mr. Spuck prepared the final draft of the educational component for the group's phase two follow-up proposal.

April 2005:

Mr. Spuck converted Spitzer IRAC data from 32 bit to 16 bit and made images available via Spitzer web page to all Spitzer Teachers.

Mr. Spuck has also developed and shared with Spitzer teachers instructions to create infrared tri-color images using 2MASS data. (The same process will be used with Spitzer data.)

He has continued research work with his students. One group is working to measure the age of the star cluster associated with the IC 2118 by making a B-R plot of the stars. They are using optical images taken in February using a New Mexico Skies telescope. The second group is looking at the relationship between size of the ISM and the age of the star population associated with it.

March 2005:

The initial team of Spitzer students spent much of the month researching the process of star formation, and becoming more familiar with the structure of IC 2118.

This initial group also worked through several tutorials learning how to use MaxIm DL Image Processing software and conducting data analysis on the images of IC 2118 taken with the New Mexico Skies telescope in February.

A second team of students at Oil City High School has been formed to conduct research on IC 2118.

They have scheduled several students from these two teams into Mr. Spuck's Earth and Space Science Special Topics class for next year. These students will continue their Spitzer Research next year, with the plan of entering into the Pittsburgh Engineering and Science Fair, and the Intel Competition.

Mr. Spuck has Converted the MIPS data from 32 bit to 16 bit. The current version of Hands On Universe Image Processing software requires 16 bit images.

February 2005:

A team of students have started the background research and have made their first presentation in class.

The team has also used the New Mexico Skies Telescope on February 14 and 15 to observe the region of IC 2118. Images were taken with the R, G, B, and L filters, and they are currently in the process of analyzing the data and further reducing it to create a true color image of the region. They also worked through several tutorials learning how to use MaxIm DL Image Processing software and conducting data analysis on the images.

Mr. Spuck has also been working with Gretchen Stahlman, a student at New Mexico Tech. She is writing a story about the project for one of her classes. Her goal is to expand the story into a publishable article over the next year.

Future Plans

Mr. Spuck has submitted a proposal to present a session on the Spitzer Space Telescope and Infrared Astronomy at NSTA Convention in 2006. His plans for outreach include presentations at Astroblast 2005 (Star Party), a public educational program at the Oil Region Astronomical Observatory for Public Night in October, a presentation to the Amateur Astronomical Association of Pittsburgh, and a presentation at the National Science Teachers Association conference in Anaheim. In addition he also plans to work with his team in the publication of an educational article in the Science Teacher or other science education journal.



Jeff Adkins | John Blackwell | Jacqueline Barge | Christopher Border | Kareen Borders | Robert Bonadurer | Merrill Butler | Lauren Chapple | Joseph Childers | Howard Chun | Wendy Curtis | Richard DeCoster | Stacy DeVeau | Harlan Devore | Cris DeWolf | Velvet Dowdy | Thomas Doyle | Dean Drumheller | Debbie Edwards | Mike Ford | Debbie French | John Gibbs | Peter Guastella | Rosa Hemphill | Ardis Herrold | Vivian Hoette | Chelen Johnson | Virginia Jones | Adam Keeton | Susan Kelly | Marcella Linahan | Thomas Loughran | Carolyn Mallory | Anthony Maranto | Christoper Martin | Kevin McCarron | Matthew McCutcheon | David McDonald | Shefali Mehta | Cindy Melton | Kate Meredith | Lauren Novatne | Kathryn O'Connor | Caroline Odden | Jeffrey Paradis | Vincent Pereira | Helen Petach | Peggy Piper | Peter Pitman | Elizabeth Ramseyer | Steve Rapp | Theresa Roelofsen Moody | Denise Rothrock | Diane Sartore | John Schaefers | Sally Seebode | Babs Sepulveda | Timothy Spuck | Darryl Stanford | Linda Stefaniak | Dwight Taylor | Jennifer Tetler | Beth Thomas | Cynthia Weehler | Lynne Zielinski

Funding for NITARP comes from the NASA ADP program and NASA/Archive EPO program.

Questions? E-mail nitarp -- at -- ipac DOT caltech DOT edu